
Unraveling the Mysteries of Third-Degree AV Block Adverse Events
Oxaliplatin, fingolimod and sugammadex have each been tied to the block in case reports. ECG confirms it, and pharmacogenomic testing can flag higher-risk patients.

MD · MBA
Physician specializing in genetic analysis and personalized preventive medicine, and author of Outsmart Your Genes.
Brandon Colby is a physician-expert in the fields of genetic analysis and Personalized Preventive Medicine. He holds an MD from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, an MBA from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and a degree in Genetics from the University of Michigan.
Dr. Colby is the author of the book Outsmart Your Genes and has developed numerous technologies that improve the analysis, interpretation, and actionability of genome sequencing data. He is an Affiliate Specialist of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), an Associate of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM), and a member of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC).
Articles by Brandon Colby, MD are reviewed for accuracy by Sequencing's medical and scientific team. This page is for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice.

Oxaliplatin, fingolimod and sugammadex have each been tied to the block in case reports. ECG confirms it, and pharmacogenomic testing can flag higher-risk patients.

Tumors of muscle, fat or connective tissue that resist classification are worked up with imaging and biopsy, with germline APC, MUTYH, POLD1 and POLE variants reported.

Trabeculated muscle that never compacts in either ventricle raises the risk of arrhythmia and clots. A DSG2 frameshift variant has been linked to BNCC.

Antigens produced by the SLC4A1 gene define Diego types and matter most for transfusion safety. Serological and molecular typing and population patterns are described.

Rare antigens in this system can trigger transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Genotyping supports donor matching and blood bank planning.

GYPC encodes the antigens behind Yus and Gerbich-negative phenotypes, a cause of transfusion reactions and hemolytic anemia. PCR and sequencing confirm typing.

Defined by red blood cell antigens, the Indian blood group system matters for transfusion and transplant matching; serology and molecular typing determine it.

The In(Lu) phenotype reduces Lutheran and other antigens on red cells and traces to KLF1 variants. Serology plus molecular analysis guides donor matching.