Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy (DHRD), also known as Malattia Leventinese, is a rare, inherited eye disorder that affects the retina's ability to process light.
Miswiring of the sixth cranial nerve limits outward eye movement and can retract the eyeball; most cases are sporadic, though CHN1 mutations have been identified.
One altered copy of TERC or TERT is enough to cause this form, which brings abnormal pigmentation, nail dystrophy, leukoplakia and a risk of bone marrow failure.
Dyslexia susceptibility 1 is a subtype with a hereditary component that can run in families. Diagnosis pairs reading and phonological tests with family history.
Also called Rapid-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism, this ATP1A3 disorder starts abruptly after physical or emotional stress, with bradykinesia and speech difficulty.
Marked improvement on low doses of levodopa sets this condition apart; GCH1 testing confirms it after walking difficulty, stiffness and involuntary movements appear.
Microtia leaves one ear underdeveloped and aural atresia closes its canal, affecting hearing and language; physical exams, CT or MRI imaging and DNA testing are covered.
Symptoms usually start in one limb during childhood and spread; identifying a DYT1 mutation supports the diagnosis and points toward deep brain stimulation.