Excess adrenaline and noradrenaline from a usually benign adrenal tumor drive its symptoms; germline SLC25A11 findings and VHL variants guide screening of relatives.
An underdeveloped cerebellum and brainstem give PCH1A severe developmental delay; MRI shows the changes, and RARS2, AMPD2 and SEPSECS variants have been linked to it.
The cornea's innermost cells take on epithelial traits in PPCD1, clouding vision; the OVOL2 promoter variant c.-307T>C is confirmed, though other loci may contribute.
Loss of a small stretch of chromosome 16 brings developmental delay, speech difficulty and autism spectrum disorder; microarray or FISH confirms the 16p11.2 deletion.
Mutations in RLBP1 disrupt CRALBP, a protein the retina depends on. Retinitis pigmentosa, Bothnia dystrophy and Newfoundland rod-cone dystrophy are covered, with testing.
Short stature, a broad forehead, widely spaced eyes and underdeveloped finger and toe bones mark this form of Robinow syndrome, caused by ROR2 gene mutations.
Fused and extra fingers and toes join short stature and distinctive facial features in this recessive form. ROR2 testing confirms it and guides supportive care.
An autosomal dominant disorder, BFN1 causes recurrent newborn seizures that usually stop by six months, while myokymia is linked to the SCN2A gene.