Dysfunctional fibrinogen disrupts the coagulation cascade and can cause bleeding. The disorder is autosomal dominant, and fibrinogen gene mutations confirm it.
Muscle cramps, tingling and seizures can follow the low calcium caused by too little parathyroid hormone, with PTH gene mutations behind the inherited form.
Inherited BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 variants raise ovarian cancer risk in some families, where surveillance may include transvaginal ultrasound and CA-125 blood tests.
IBA57 helps assemble the iron-sulfur clusters mitochondria need for energy production, and its mutations are linked to a fatal infantile leukodystrophy form.
Thickened skin on the palms and soles defines this keratoderma, which has been linked to defective cathepsin Z variants that alter EGFR expression in the epidermis.
Slow-growing and made of both neuronal and glial cells, ganglioglioma often carries BRAF changes in the MAP kinase pathway that can guide targeted therapy.
Five novel GBE1 variants have been reported in severe neuromuscular GSD IV, where early testing helps anticipate muscle, respiratory and cardiac problems in children.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotonia and muscle weakness appear early in this GBE1-related form, where testing separates it from similar conditions in infancy.