GATA3 mutations cut parathyroid hormone output, giving hypocalcemia with sensorineural deafness and renal disease, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.
Too little parathyroid hormone leaves blood calcium low, causing muscle cramps and seizures. GCM2 mutations confirm the diagnosis and inform treatment.
Skin that blisters and scales from birth is easily mistaken for other ichthyoses; a KRT2 mutation confirms Ichthyosis Bullosa of Siemens and guides counseling.
Thickened skin on the palms and soles alongside localized scaling suggests this rare disorder, and a frameshift truncation in KRT1 separates it from similar ichthyoses.
An exaggerated IgE response drives asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis; variants in IL-4, IL-13 and filaggrin help explain who is predisposed.
A single copy of a mutated gene can leave a person unable to feel pain while touch, temperature and pressure stay normal; SCN9A and SCN11A testing confirms CIP.
PUS3 mutations lower pseudouridine levels in RNA, the change behind FRA12A type intellectual disability. Carrier testing and prenatal testing are both described.
Multiple adenomas in the pancreatic islet cells disturb insulin output, bringing hypoglycemia and diabetes; the TALK-1 L114P mutation is one identified cause.