Metabolic crises, muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias and intellectual disability trace to GNB5 mutations, which testing can find before symptoms are full.
Impaired growth, developmental delay, low muscle tone and liver dysfunction occur together in GIRHDH, with recessive IARS mutations reported as a cause.
Mutations in ATAD3A, a gene needed for mitochondrial function, cause Harel-Yoon syndrome, with developmental delays, neurological issues and skin anomalies.
Mutations in SERPING1 cause the C1 inhibitor deficiency behind hereditary angioedema type 1, with swelling of the abdomen, limbs, face and airway.
Missing or faulty C1-INH protein, the result of SERPING1 mutations, brings sudden swelling plus longer-term cardiovascular, autoimmune and malignancy risks.
Balance problems, trouble walking and muscle stiffness vary widely between people with HSP77, which stems from COQ7 mutations affecting coenzyme Q10 and mitochondria.
Hypopigmentation, prolonged bleeding and possible lung or bowel problems follow faults in lysosome-related organelles. Both parents must carry the change for HPS-10.
Genome or exome sequencing can pinpoint variants such as the DAND5 loss-of-function change, and counselors explain the findings, inheritance and family risk.