
Perrault Syndrome: Unraveling the Genetic Threads of a Rare Disorder
A homozygous ERAL1 mutation disturbs mitochondrial ribosome assembly in this rare disorder, which mainly affects females and pairs deafness with ovarian dysgenesis.

MD · MBA
Physician specializing in genetic analysis and personalized preventive medicine, and author of Outsmart Your Genes.
Brandon Colby is a physician-expert in the fields of genetic analysis and Personalized Preventive Medicine. He holds an MD from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, an MBA from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and a degree in Genetics from the University of Michigan.
Dr. Colby is the author of the book Outsmart Your Genes and has developed numerous technologies that improve the analysis, interpretation, and actionability of genome sequencing data. He is an Affiliate Specialist of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), an Associate of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM), and a member of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC).
Articles by Brandon Colby, MD are reviewed for accuracy by Sequencing's medical and scientific team. This page is for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice.

A homozygous ERAL1 mutation disturbs mitochondrial ribosome assembly in this rare disorder, which mainly affects females and pairs deafness with ovarian dysgenesis.

Gluconeogenesis falters when the PCK1 gene is altered, so severe hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis can follow; diet changes and glucose monitoring help manage it.

Headaches, nausea, balance difficulties and vision problems can signal pilocytic astrocytoma, a slow-growing Grade I glioma in which BRAF mutations are often found.

Mutations in genes such as BRAF and FGFR1 shape treatment for pilomyxoid astrocytoma, a rare hypothalamic tumor that behaves more aggressively than pilocytic astrocytoma.

Arising in the pineal gland and mainly affecting children and young adults, pineoblastoma is aggressive; tumor genetics can inform therapy choices and monitoring.

Intellectual disability, developmental delay and distinctive facial features overlap with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome, so CNTNAP2 mutations are used to confirm PHLS instead.

Unlike benign adenomas, this malignant pituitary tumor can metastasize, bringing hormonal imbalances, vision and neurological symptoms; AIP mutations are one link.

Skin webbing, cleft lip or palate and genital differences follow mutations in IRF6. The syndrome is autosomal dominant, so a single altered copy causes it.