
Decoding GLB1-Related Disorders: Understanding, Diagnosing, and Genetic Testing
Beta-galactosidase deficiency from GLB1 mutations causes GM1 gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB; enzyme assays plus sequencing separate the two.

MD · MBA
Physician specializing in genetic analysis and personalized preventive medicine, and author of Outsmart Your Genes.
Brandon Colby is a physician-expert in the fields of genetic analysis and Personalized Preventive Medicine. He holds an MD from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, an MBA from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and a degree in Genetics from the University of Michigan.
Dr. Colby is the author of the book Outsmart Your Genes and has developed numerous technologies that improve the analysis, interpretation, and actionability of genome sequencing data. He is an Affiliate Specialist of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), an Associate of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM), and a member of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC).
Articles by Brandon Colby, MD are reviewed for accuracy by Sequencing's medical and scientific team. This page is for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice.

Beta-galactosidase deficiency from GLB1 mutations causes GM1 gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB; enzyme assays plus sequencing separate the two.

Seizures, developmental delay, heart valve problems and corneal clouding mark GM1-gangliosidosis; low beta-galactosidase activity and GLB1 findings confirm it.

Ataxia, tremor and neuropsychiatric symptoms can start in the second or third decade of life; HEXA and HEXB analysis confirms adult-onset GM2-gangliosidosis.

Faulty gp91phox leaves patients open to severe infection; copy number variants and skewed X-inactivation complicate CYBB analysis in the X-CGD variant.

Nosebleeds, gut bleeding and arteriovenous malformations follow the ACVRL1/ALK1 mutations behind HHT1; confirming the variant lets relatives be screened early.

Curaçao criteria plus gene analysis identify HHT2, an autosomal dominant condition in which ENG, ACVRL1, SMAD4 or EPHB4 changes distort blood vessel formation.

Known as Christmas disease, this X-linked bleeding disorder stems from F9 gene mutations, and a novel missense variant in one report shows why sequencing matters.

Fibrous tissue accumulates in the liver, kidneys and heart in hepatorenocardiac degenerative fibrosis, diagnosed through clinical exams, imaging and laboratory tests.