Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type, arising in the mouth, throat and salivary glands; exams, imaging and biopsy confirm it, and tumor testing adds prognosis.
Benign vascular tumors appear soon after birth in about 5-10% of babies, grow quickly, then fade; diagnosis is mostly clinical, with imaging or biopsy when unclear.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus or newborn (HDFN) due to isoimmunization is a serious condition that occurs when the mother's immune system produces antibodies…
Cancer cells carrying extra HER2 protein are identified by IHC scoring and FISH; BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing informs risk, and trastuzumab and pertuzumab target HER2.
Amyloid deposits in cerebral blood vessels raise the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage; CST3 testing confirms HCAA-I, and maternal inheritance is linked to earlier onset.
Weakened brain vessel walls rupture repeatedly, bringing strokes and cognitive decline; MRI, CT and APP gene testing confirm HCHWA, an autosomal dominant disorder.
Growing on the outer surface of bone, this cancer can mimic other tumors on imaging, so biopsy confirms it; TP53 and RB1 have been linked to osteosarcoma.
Molar pregnancy brings vaginal bleeding, rapid uterine growth and raised hCG. Ultrasound, hCG levels and QF-PCR chromosome analysis separate complete from partial moles.