
Intellectual Disability, Autosomal Dominant 9: Exome Testing
A single altered copy of the responsible gene causes ID-AD9. Whole exome sequencing can pinpoint rare variants, confirming the diagnosis and guiding genetic counseling.

MD · MBA
Physician specializing in genetic analysis and personalized preventive medicine, and author of Outsmart Your Genes.
Brandon Colby is a physician-expert in the fields of genetic analysis and Personalized Preventive Medicine. He holds an MD from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, an MBA from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and a degree in Genetics from the University of Michigan.
Dr. Colby is the author of the book Outsmart Your Genes and has developed numerous technologies that improve the analysis, interpretation, and actionability of genome sequencing data. He is an Affiliate Specialist of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), an Associate of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM), and a member of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC).
Articles by Brandon Colby, MD are reviewed for accuracy by Sequencing's medical and scientific team. This page is for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice.

A single altered copy of the responsible gene causes ID-AD9. Whole exome sequencing can pinpoint rare variants, confirming the diagnosis and guiding genetic counseling.

Mutations in the TRAPPC9 gene, which supports normal brain development, underlie IDAR14. Testing confirms the diagnosis and separates it from similar disorders.

Both parents typically carry one copy of the altered gene without showing symptoms. Carrier screening, early diagnosis and tailored support are explained for IDAR18.

CEP290 changes disrupt cilia signaling, leading to developmental delays, hypotonia, eye movement problems and sometimes kidney or liver dysfunction.

A de novo KCNJ6 mutation was reported in a child with Keppen-Lubinsky syndrome, which combines a narrow face, prominent nose and intellectual challenges.

Swelling, protein in the urine and sometimes ocular defects appear in the first year while psychomotor development stays normal; LAMB2 mutations affect laminin beta-2.

CEP290 changes accounted for roughly 21% of cases in a study of 76 patients with LCA, and identifying the mutation shapes care and counseling.

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