Heart malformations that form during fetal development make up this group; testing for ZIC3 mutations linked to heterotaxy can guide early treatment and counseling.
Dry, scaly skin, limits in intellectual functioning and stiffness in all four limbs form the triad of this rare syndrome, which DNA analysis can confirm.
An underactive thyroid present from birth, without goiter, is hard to spot from physical signs. Gene testing names the mutation so hormone replacement can begin early.
X-linked inheritance shapes who develops CSNB1E; 65 variants were found in 59 patients, with high myopia and strabismus guiding lenses, surgery and early care.
Cohesin and chromatin accessibility are disturbed by NIPBL mutations in CdLS4, producing growth delays, intellectual disability and distinctive facial features.
eNOS gene polymorphisms G894T and T786C can lower nitric oxide production and raise risk; the page weighs early detection, tailored treatment and testing caveats.
Mutations in H6PD disrupt conversion of cortisone to cortisol, raising adrenal androgens and causing hirsutism and irregular periods that can mimic PCOS or CAH.
Novel WDR35 variants reported in a Chinese patient with CED4 and ectopic testis broaden the genotype-phenotype picture used in diagnosis and genetic counseling.